Printing Output:
The printf function is used to print text on the screen. The data to be printed on screen is text or variable.
- If it is text, it is enclosed in quotation marks.
printf("Text to be printed")printf(variableName)output.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello World!");
return 0;
}Note : Do not forget to put ; at the end
Adding line breaks:
\n : it forces the cursor to change its position to the beginning of the next line on the screen. This results in a new line.output.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hi there! \n I am good.");
return 0;
}Different Escape Sequences:
| Escape Sequence | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| \n | New line | |
| \t | Tab - prints four spaces | |
| \a | Beep sound | |
| \b | Backspace | |
| \f | Form feed | |
| \r | Carriage return | |
| \\ | It adds backslash | |
| \' | Single quote | |
| \? | Question mark | |
| \0 | Null character | |
Printing Numbers:
If we want to print numbers in C, we store them in variables then print variables on screen using %d (for integers). We will discuss about this in detail in variable section. Here is a brief example.output.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 10;
printf("%d", num);
return 0;
}If we write numbers in double quotes, these are not treated as numbers. Everything inside double quotation marks is a string literal which is text.
Printing Different Types of Variables:
output.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declare and initialize variables
int age = 30;
double pi = 3.14159265359;
char grade = 'A';
// Printing variables
printf("My age is %d years.\n", age);
printf("Pi = %.2f\n", pi);
printf("My grade is %c\n", grade);
// Printing variables with additional text
printf("Age: %d, Grade: %c.\n", age, grade);
return 0;
}Printing data stores in variables is not our concern for now. This is just for overview. You do not need to understand it here. Just go throught it once.